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TeX 1995 July
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TeX CD-ROM July 1995 (Disc 1)(Walnut Creek)(1995).ISO
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mcf.helpmark
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1991-10-23
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+-----------------------------------------------------------------------------+
| multicolumnformat |
+-----------------------------------------------------------------------------+
\multicolumnformat{
\twocolumnwidth{.48\galleywidth}
\threecolumnwidth{.31\galleywidth}
\twocolumngutter{.04\galleywidth}
\threecolumngutter{.035\galleywidth}
\columnrulewidth{0.0pt}
\skipbefore{6pt plus3pt minus2pt}
\skipafter{6pt plus3pt minus2pt}
}
Abbreviation: π|\mcfπ%
Parameters: π|submarkupπ%
Submarkup: π|\twocolumnwidth, \threecolumnwidth,
\twocolumngutter, \threecolumngutter, \columnrulewidth,
\skipbefore, \skipafterπ%
π|Description:π%
The column and gutter widths can be changed by modifying the
\multicolumnformat markup. Column widths are specified in a percentage
of the \galleywidth, the width of the text area on the page as specified
in the \pageformat markup. If the default "flexibleformat" is being used
a skip before and a skip after the multiple column format may also be
specified. These skips are ignored if you are using \fixedformat.
π|\twocolumnwidthπ% is the width of each column when you specify \twocolumns.
Each column will be exactly the same width. This width is the shaded area
illustrated below:
+-----------------------------------------------------------------------------+
| |
| Greek man- from the fourth |
| uscripts of the to the ninth |
| Bible fall into centuries, be- |
| 3 groups (1) Pa- ginning with the |
| pyri, covering Codex Vaticanus |
| the period from and the Codex |
| the third cen- Sinaiticus; (3) |
| tury b.c. to Vellum minis- |
| the fourth cen- cules, from the |
| tury a.d. (2) ninth century |
| Vellum uncials-- to the inven- |
| -a form of ma- tion of print- |
| juscule (large ing, there are |
| letter)--- well over 4,000 |
| of various dates manuscripts. |
| |
+-----------------------------------------------------------------------------+
π|\threecolumnwidthπ% is the width of each column when you specify
\threecolumns. Each column will be exactly the same width. This
width is the shaded area illustrated below:
+-----------------------------------------------------------------------------+
| |
| Greek manu- (2) Vellum icanus and |
| scripts of uncials- the Codex |
| the Bible --a form Sinaiticus; |
| fall into of majus- (3) Vel- |
| 3 groups: cule (large lum minis- |
| (1) Papyri, letter)-- cules, from |
| covering -of various the ninth |
| the period dates from century to |
| from the the fourth the inven- |
| third cen- to the tion |
| tury b.c. ninth cen- of print- |
| to the turies, be- ing, there |
| fourth cen- ginning are over |
| tury a.d. with the 4,000 manu- |
| Codex Vat- scripts. |
| |
+-----------------------------------------------------------------------------+
π|\twocolumngutterπ% is the distance between each column when you specify
\twocolumns. The gutter is the shaded area illustrated below:
+-----------------------------------------------------------------------------+
| |
| Greek man- from the fourth |
| uscripts of the to the ninth |
| Bible fall into centuries, be- |
| 3 groups (1) Pa- ginning with the |
| pyri, covering Codex Vaticanus |
| the period from and the Codex |
| the third cen- Sinaiticus; (3) |
| tury b.c. to Vellum minis- |
| the fourth cen- cules, from the |
| tury a.d. (2) ninth century |
| Vellum uncials-- to the inven- |
| -a form of ma- tion of print- |
| juscule (large ing, there are |
| letter)--- well over 4,000 |
| of various dates manuscripts. |
| |
+-----------------------------------------------------------------------------+
π|\threecolumngutterπ% is the distance between each column when you specify
\threecolumns. Each gutter will be exactly the same width. The gutter is
the shaded area illustrated on the next page:
+-----------------------------------------------------------------------------+
| |
| Greek manu- (2) Vellum icanus and |
| scripts of uncials- the Codex |
| the Bible --a form Sinaiticus; |
| fall into of majus- (3) Vel- |
| 3 groups: cule (large lum minis- |
| (1) Papyri, letter)-- cules, from |
| covering -of various the ninth |
| the period dates from century to |
| from the the fourth the inven- |
| third cen- to the tion |
| tury b.c. ninth cen- of print- |
| to the turies, be- ing, there |
| fourth cen- ginning are over |
| tury a.d. with the 4,000 manu- |
| Codex Vat- scripts. |
| |
+-----------------------------------------------------------------------------+
π|\columnrulewidthπ% when set to a non zero value will print a rule between
each column.
π|\skipbeforeπ% is the distance between the one column text and the multiple
column text when you are using the flexible method of setting multiple
columns. The skip is ignored if you are using \fixedformat.
π|\skipafterπ% is the distance between the multiple column text and the one
column text when you are using the flexible method of setting multiple
columns. The skip is ignored if you are using \fixedformat.
π|Example:π%
You can also specify the column widths in units of measure, instead of a
percentage of the \galleywidth.
\multicolumnformat{
\twocolumnwidth{10pc}
\twocolumngutter{3pc}
\columnrulewidth{.25pt}
\skipbefore{6pt plus3pt minus2pt}
\skipafter{6pt plus3pt minus2pt}}
\twocolumns
Greek manuscripts of the Bible fall into 3 groups
(1) {\it Papyri}, covering the period from the third century
{\caps b.c} to the fourth century {\caps a.d}.
(2) {\it Vellum uncials}---a form of majuscule (large
letter)---of various dates from the fourth to the ninth
centuries, beginning with the {\it Codex Vaticanus} and
the {\it Codex Sinaiticus};
(3) {\it Vellum miniscules}, from the ninth century to
the invention of printing, there are well over
4,000 manuscripts.
\onecolumn
+-----------------------------------------------------------------------------+
| |
| Greek manu- . from the fourth |
| scripts of the . to the ninth |
| Bible fall into . centuries, be- |
| 3 groups (1) Pa- . ginning with the |
| pyri, covering . Codex Vaticanus |
| the period from . and the Codex |
| the third cen- . Sinaiticus; (3) |
| tury b.c. to . Vellum minis- |
| the fourth cen- . cules, from the |
| tury a.d. (2) . ninth century |
| Vellum uncials-- . to the inven- |
| -a form of ma- . tion of print- |
| juscule (large . ing, there are |
| letter)--- . well over 4,000 |
| of various dates . manuscripts. |
| |
+-----------------------------------------------------------------------------+
π|Notes:π%
The rule between the columns will not print as long as the column rule width
is zero.
The skip before and skip after are ignored in the optional fixed column
method. The fixed column format (\fixedformat) always fills the remainder
of the current page with white space and changes to the new format on the
following page. Columns may not be balanced in \fixedformat.
The \newcolumn markup while in the flexible format estimates the
remaining space on the page at the time it is entered. If a footnote
or other insert is placed on the same page after the newcolumn markup the
length of the blank column cannot be estimated properly. In this case,
TEXT1 will issue a warning,
overfull \vbox 12pt while \output active
You can compensate for the footnote or insert by subtracting twice the
amount of the overfull box in two columns or three times this amount in
triple columns immediately before the newcolumn markup. For example, if the
box is overfull by 12 points and you are in two columns, enter,
\advance\vsize by-24pt
\newcolumn
text
or in three columns before a \newcolumn enter,
\advance\vsize by-36pt
\newcolumn
text
This reduces the height of the current page enough to allow space for the
insert. The height of each column must be reduced by the amount of the
overfull box warning, or twice the amount for two columns and three times
the amount for three columns. See The TEXbook for more on \advance.
If the newcolumn markup appears on the final page of the document it
may cause the balance columns routine to fail because one column is the
full height of the page. Do not change to \fixedformat after entering
\newcolumn.
Certain line breaking penalties have been altered in the multiple column
formats. These penalties, in combination or separately, may cause a short
column if there are not a sufficient number of places specified to add extra
space, "glue."
Single Column Penalties
\brokenpenalty=100 \clubpenalty=150
\exhyphenpenalty=50 \hyphenpenalty=50
\widowpenalty=150 \hbadness=1000
\tolerance=200
Two Columns Penalties
\brokenpenalty=0 \clubpenalty=0
\exhyphenpenalty=0 \hyphenpenalty=0
\widowpenalty=0 \hbadness=6400
\tolerance=6400
Three Columns Penalties
\brokenpenalty=0 \clubpenalty=0
\exhyphenpenalty=0 \hyphenpenalty=0
\widowpenalty=0 \hbadness=9600
\tolerance=9600
The penalties may be reinstated in the multiple column formats by entering
each markup with a new value in the text stream immediately after the first
call for the double or triple column markup. Refer to The TEXbook for a
discussion of the above penalties.
When formatting multiple column text and other large formatting tasks,
the user may run into trouble by calling for so many format changes that
the available memory space is overrun. If this happens reduce the number
of markup used on the page that fails to format. The numbers enclosed in
angle brackets < 1 > < 2 > < 3 > show how many pages have been completed and
are printed on the terminal screen as each page is completed. If the macro
memory was exceeded when < 3 > was the last number in the sequence you would
know that the memory was exceeded while formatting page four. Your file
will not print with this error condition.
To find the point in your document that exceeded the memory use the
markup \bye at different places in your file. This markup stops text
processing. At the point \bye doesn't prevent the error condition you know
that you have passed page 4 where the error occurred. You may then examine
the markup before the \bye for possible elimination or find other markup
that will format properly without overrunning the memory. See The TEXbook
for more on \bye.
